Spirit of St. Louis essays

Soul of St. Louis expositions In a Garden City Hotel close to Roosevelt Field, there are publicans chipping away at various news stories. In a lodging, Charles Landenberg dozes wonderfully. While in his room attempting to nod off he considers his excursion to Paris and he additionally thinks back about the hours of how he used to be an airmail pilot. He ponders the occasions when hed consistently fly in loathsome climate. At the point when he attempted to fly the plane in terrible climate, the plane separated; subsequently, he chooses to take the train. There he understands he need to buy his very own plane, which he calls Columbia Airpcraft to support him; be that as it may, he were hesitant to help so he called Global Democrat; besides, they were intrigued in view of his soul, safeguarding and inspiration. With that soul, the name of the plane turned into The Spirit of St. Louis. While building the plane he was educated that 2 other men has kicked the bucket attempting to endeavor something very similar. It had taken 63 days to wrap up the plane; in any case, when they finish, Charles got some answers concerning 2 men whom were from Paris that had died while attempting to fly over the Atlantic. Despite the fact that thinking about the episode, he chooses to go to St. Louis in any case to plan for his flight. His supporters does whatever it takes not to fly; in any case, it appeared to be unimaginable. During his stay in St. Louis, he thinks back of the old youth days, for example, when he use to prepare with a cleric who have given him a neckband that represents that when he flies he is nearer to God. He at that point chooses to take his flight a couple of hours early; along these lines, he is off planning for the flight. Prior to his flight, one of his supervisors puts the neckband that the minister gave him into the plane for Charles. Landenberg takes off into the shadowy sky. Following 28 hours he nearly nods off and the climate turns blustery. After a short time, he is over the Atlantic Ocean and afterward detects an icy mass, which he considers on arriving on to take ... <!

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

English - Essay Example Anyway we appreciated the entire outing perpetually and I especially have been aching to return to this town since the time I have returned. It was a Thursday night that my dad arranged with our family that we ought to go to a close by town. Since we had never observed that town, it ended up being an intriguing encounter no different. My dad instructed us to prepare things and be on opportunity arrived early morning the following day. My mom arranged food while I and my kin orchestrated the vital utensils that we would requirement for the excursion. Since we should be away for 3 days, we told our neighbors ahead of time that we would leave the following morning and that they should deal with our place when we are not there. At the point when we showed up at the town, it began to rain. We took cover in the visitor house in which we should remain. At the point when it quit coming down, we saw a rainbow. I and my kin saw a rainbow without precedent for our lives. My dad portrayed the entire methodology behind a rainbow and disclosed to us how it appeared. We were energized that something like this existed basically. The subsequent day was loaded up with climbing rides over the mountain and we even went for chairlift rides. It was such a pleasant encounter, that I don't have the correct words to clarify. I appreciated the entire excursion hugely and it caused me to feel generally excellent. My dad went about as a guide during our excursion and he essentially guided us through various challenges, clarifying things which were totally new to us. He likewise disclosed to us how to do trekking over the mountain and how to return downhill. We took around 3 hours to go to the ridge however returned only 30 minutes . This thing stunned me perpetually and clarified a considerable amount of the laws of material science which I read in my physical science course at school. I took direction from my dad at whatever point I encountered any oddity in understanding the various subtleties of the trekking trip. The third day saw us gathering our packs in the

Obvious Marketing Moves I was Totally Missing on LinkedIn and Mobile!

Obvious Marketing Moves I was Totally Missing on LinkedIn and Mobile! Squeeze Pack Solutions While eating out of a nut butter squeeze pack a few weeks ago, I reached the point where I could not squeeze out any moreâ€"but I knew there was still plenty of almond butter stuck to the inside walls of the package. It didn’t take me long to figure out that I could cut the package open to extract the remaining goo. It was messy, but it worked. Shortly thereafter, I reached the end of a toothpaste tube and thought, “I wonder if there’s toothpaste stuck to the insides of this packaging too?” I cut open the tube and retrieved three brushings worth of paste. It took me what… 40 years? to even notice this problem. The solution was easy. Blinding Flashes of the Obvious We all have moments where something happens, or someone makes a suggestion to us, and a light bulb goes off. Wow! That makes total sense! How did I not think of that? It was right in front of my face. How have I not done that already? My ActionCOACH coaches call these sudden revelations “Blinding Flashes of the Obvious.” When one of these ideas arises, I am surprised by it because I probably knew somewhere deep inside that I needed to do this thing, but it hadn’t risen to the surface as a priority. After an initial, “What have I been thinking?!” I get into action. This past week, I attended The National Resume Writers’ Association annual conference, where I garnered several “blinding flashes of the obvious” from conversations I had with my colleagues. Here are my top two: 1. Create more than one LinkedIn profile Experience entry for my “job” at The Essay Expert. You’d think that as a LinkedIn expert I would have maximized my LinkedIn SEO already. I tell other people all the time that if they held more than one position at a company, they should create more than one entry in order to include more keywords. But was I following this advice myself? Nope. I was like the proverbial overweight, cigarette-smoking doctor. Yikes. At The NRWA conference, a fellow resume writer showed me her LinkedIn profile to ask my opinion. She had eight (eight!!) entries for her current business, and she had stuffed keywords into every one. While I did not recommend that she use this tactic, and while I believe that “keyword stuffing” can backfire, I realized that with only one entry for my role in my business, I was missing out on a big opportunity to put more keywords into my own LinkedIn profile. As of Sunday night, I have created separate sections in my profile for my position as an Executive Resume Writer, Executive LinkedIn Profile Writer, and College Admissions Essay Consultant. I am in disbelief that for the past eight years, I had been cramming all these roles into one LinkedIn Experience entry. I am curious to see what happens with my profile views and inquiries for business now that I have followed my own advice! 2. Get texting capabilities to and from my business phone line. For at least two years, texting has been the most popular form of communication used in this country. It would seem obvious that people would want to send texts to my business number. In fact, I’m sure many people have sent texts to my business number, thinking they were reaching me. Until yesterday, those texts were going directly to nowhere. Not only that, but when I wanted to send a text to a client, I had to do it through my personal cell phone. I did not like texting clients because then they would call me on my personal cell phone number, and I much prefer to keep that number, well, personal. I was avoiding texting because of this issue, despite the fact that my clients probably would have loved to text me. Was I thinking of the most obvious solution to this problem? No. I was not prioritizing the issue, despite the fact that 95% of texts are read within 3 minutes, while only 12% of emails are opened. Enabling text was a no-brainer, and I apparently had no brain. It took me until last week’s conference, at the suggestion of my brilliant colleague Robin Schlinger, to bite the bullet and enable texting capabilities on my business line. She mentioned that several executive clients had texted her with inquiries for her services, and that was enough to convince me to get on the texting bandwagon! Now clients will be able to reach out to me via their preferred mode of communication, whether that is phone, email, or … text!! And I can easily send texts without revealing my personal number. On a related note, I needed a better way to make calls from my cell phone that appeared to be coming from my business number. Purchasing texting capabilities led me to download the eVoice app, which solved that problem too. I had been wanting that kind of solution for yearsâ€"getting the app was another blinding flash of the obvious! In order to have the types of revelations I’ve been describing, we have to be paying attention, listening for good ideas (they could appear at any moment), and willing to take new action. Are you ready? Are there nagging problems in your life that you have been ignoring, not even giving them the time of day? Maybe they are more important than you think, and easier to fix than you think. I challenge you to have a “blinding flash of the obvious” this week, and share below what it is!

Should Congress Close Guantanamo Bay Naval Station And...

Introduction There is a problem in the United States. There is an excess of terrorists and having the most powerful nation on Earth means that these terrorists often end up in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. This prison is based on 45 square miles of land that is known more commonly as Gitmo. Most people believe Guantanamo is a good concept but has gone terribly wrong. The government needs to do something because with the current proposal from President Obama, detainees would be moved ashore and abroad, which would not fix the problem. The problem is, what do we do with all these terrorists? If this proposal passes through, people will be worried and need answers about Gitmo. Why should the most dangerous people in the world come on American soil? Research Question Should Congress close Guantanamo Bay Naval Station and Prison? Research Guantanamo Bay opened in 2002 and since then more than 700 detainees have been held there. In 1991, approximately 34,000 Haitian refugees are detained on the base after they flee a coup in Haiti. In 1994-1995, more than 55,000 Cubans and Haitians, captured at sea, are kept at Guantanamo. These are not considered detainees because they are not American prisoners, but Cuban. At its peak in 2003, Guantanamo held nearly 680 detainees, and there were about 245 when President Obama took office. The life standards at Guantanamo are the worst in human history. Murat Kurnaz spent five years in Guantanamo and below are some facts from his book. When he wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Guantanamo Bay: The Thorn in America’s Side1141 Words   |  5 Pagesabuse and humiliation at the hands of his captors, he finally ending up in Guantanamo Bay. There he was held without trial, prosecution, or evidence for four years (Zaeef 1-25). These circumstances have become commonplace at Guantanamo in re cent years. Despite claims, by the United States government, that Guantanamo enforces the security of both America and the world, the detention center should be shut down. Guantanamo should be shut down because it highlights America’s negative side, poses severalRead MoreGuantanamo Bay And The War Of Terror1756 Words   |  8 PagesGuantanamo Bay As Nelson Mandela once said, â€Å"To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.† Guantà ¡namo bay, Cuba is the home of the oldest U.S naval station base out of the continental U.S. The United States invaded Guantà ¡namo bay and established a base during the Spanish-American war (â€Å"Guantanamo...† 2008, par. 2). After the attack on the twin towers on September 11, 2001, the base’s mission expanded to include the Detainee Mission of the War of Terror (â€Å"Guantanamo†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2008

Racism Is A Prominent Epidemic - 2228 Words

Throughout the world, everyone makes comments that may offend one’s character or race to distinguish him or her as inferior. These comments have flourished through the racist scenarios and characters produced by the media. Racism is a prominent epidemic that has affected African Americans, especially in the development of America. Africans were torn away from their homes and brought to America in the 17th century to work as slaves, where they experienced various forms of chastisement and torture (Siddiqui). Lincoln abolished slavery in 1863 with the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all the slaves and ending the Civil War. However, many of the freed slaves still lived in bad conditions and poverty. Whites saw African Americans as an†¦show more content†¦These stereotypes could be the source of colored people’s struggle with their lack of income or unemployment. When the media discriminates against blacks through the production of negative stereotypes or exclus ion, it influences the audience into viewing and treating them in unfair ways; these unjust beliefs are then spread throughout the community, creating struggles in the colored community The Media The media’s representation of blacks is a major source of the racism and discrimination in today’s society. As the internet and television continues to grow as a world-wide phenomenon, people tend to rely on the media to for daily information, and in turn, they rely on it so much that it shapes their perceptions of daily events. People come to view the depictions of characters in the media as a real representation of people, and they use these as examples of how to act in reality. While these images could provide positive role models, the media has influenced society’s behavior with the use of negative stereotypes of blacks. The media associates colored people with the general misconceptions of being â€Å"†¦stupid†¦disrespectful, violent†¦ignorant, menacing, untidy, rebellious†¦[and] uneducated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Punyanunt-Carter 2008). Laura Green, a student counselor at Virginia Commonwealth University Qatar with a masters

Being a Gentleman †Great Expectations Free Essays

Great Education Many describe Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations as a Bildungsroman † a novel tracing the education and spiritual growth of a young hero, in this case Philip Pirrip, better known as Pip. Pip’s thoughts on education change throughout the course of the story, beginning with idealistic views of becoming a gentleman and ending with a deeper, more intellectual perspective of being a gentleman. After meeting the wealthy and once elegant Miss Havisham, Pip becomes ashamed of his life as a lowly peasant and son ofa blacksmith. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Gentleman – Great Expectations or any similar topic only for you Order Now He believes Miss Havisham and Estella are better than he is, and he yearns to be a member of the elite. This commences his longing for an education. At first, he attempts to learn on his own, but realizes It Is a useless effort. Then, on the day young PIP Is told he will be moving to London so that he may become a gentleman, he dreams start to become reality. During PIP’s childhood and adolescence, he believes that the sole purpose of his education Is to become an intelligent social elite. According to Pip, the distinguished members of society with education are perhaps better than the less fortunate. Sadly, that belief becomes a part of his personality. On his Journey toward nobility, he disregards his immediate family and closest friends. He ignores his beloved Joe and Is even embarrassed to be in his presence. Every time Joes Insists on vlsltlng his old pal, Pip attempts either to sabotage the trip completely, or to shorten Joe’s stay with him as much as possible. In the midst of it all, he becomes more and more obsessed with the beautiful, coldhearted Estella. As PIP matures, he slowly loses his boastful attitude. He helps his best friend, Herbert Pocket, start a business, even obtalnlng money from Miss Havisham to Invest in Herbert’s business, without Herbert’s knowledge. In addition, he gradually loses interest in Estella, realizing Biddy is the right woman for him. He goes home only to discover that Joe and Biddy married. However, the evolved PIP feels happiness for them, while he silently suffers for himself. By the end of the novel Pip learns that there is much more to life than social rank. He is aware that family and friends are more significant than money and power. In he closing chapters as Pip is planning Magwitch’s escape, he knows the Inheritance from his benefactor will cease to exist If Magwitch’s Identity Is exposed. Yet, he still fights to help the old convict who insured his quest to become a gentleman. After the plan fails, Pip becomes overwhelmed with sickness, and it is Joe who arrives to nurse the disease-stricken Pip back to health. It is at this moment where Pip realizes what constitutes being a gentleman, and what does not. Joe, the person who cares for PIP the most, hsd the least amount of education roves to be the true gentleman all along. How to cite Being a Gentleman – Great Expectations, Papers

In What Sense Can Bennetts Monologues Be Seen As Studies In Loneliness And Isolation Essay Example For Students

In What Sense Can Bennetts Monologues Be Seen As Studies In Loneliness And Isolation Essay This essay will explore Alan Bennetts techniques of exploring loneliness and isolation, by looking at the themes of society, family, and friendship groups. It will also look at the techniques in which Bennett uses his characters to show different ways in which people become isolated and lonely and the manner in which the characters react to isolation and loneliness. Bennett portrays the issue of loneliness and isolation using very different methods; he uses society as a big part of the characters isolation. In reference to A Chip In The Sugar and Her Big Chance Bennett shows how the two characters can be isolated and lonely in different ways. This is mainly due to the way in which society looks upon them. Neither characters Lesley or Graham is accepted into the Society. As a reader you are given the impression that Lesley is being taken advantage of with out even realising. Bennett uses this to show how the society acts towards people and the way in which they mistreat people. This is also shown in A Chip In The Sugar by the way in which Graham is treated by the society. Mr Turnbull may be seen as a metaphor as to represent the society; Mr Turnbull does not attempt to include Graham in his conversations or jokes with mother. The reader gains the impression that Mr Turnbull is not fond of Graham I dont believe in mental illness. This may be seen as Bennetts way of showing his own views on the society. Bennett also uses the characters relationships as a way in which to expose their loneliness and isolation. In A Chip In The Sugar Graham is seen to have one relationship of which is with his mother, the reader is not introduced to anyone else of whom Graham may have a relationship with, the closest would be the vicar who visits on rare occasions. When the vicar calls. Bennett shows Grahams lack of experience with relationships by the way in which he talks about sexual intercourse he approaches the subject very technically and is seen to other members of the society as being defensive about sexual intercourse. Grahams relationship with his mother is also his only friendship, Graham often gets protective over his mother I thought I was your past Bennett uses this to show how isolated Graham really is and that he feels he is as important to his mother as she is to him. Bennett is able to show that having many relationships can also leave a person feeling lonely and isolated, as often they mean nothing. This is shown by Lesley in Her Big Chance she has many relationships with many different men, in a hope to blend in with the society. Lesley does not realise that by doing this she is just becoming even more isolated. Bennett is able to contrast personalities by using Lesley as a very vivacious character and Graham as a rather shy character. Even with the difference in personalities he is still able to show how two people can similarly be isolated and lonely. Bennett also creates a bigger impression on the reader by giving the characters lack of self-knowledge. He shows that the characters have no realisation that they are not fitting into society more so of Lesley than Graham. Lesley seems not to notice that she is not fitting into the society and makes excuses for peoples actions. More convincing if my headache was so bad I couldnt actually speak. She knows that the rest of them had gone off to supper bust does not stop and ask herself why she was not invited to go with them. Graham seems to notice more that he is not fitting in which seems to be the reason for him staying in most of the time, and spending most of his time indoors and in his bed. Although Graham feels he has never had any particular problems it is easy to see from the readers point of view that these characters are very self deluded. .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c , .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .postImageUrl , .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c , .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c:hover , .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c:visited , .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c:active { border:0!important; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c:active , .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1377b009a121bf30bed9af1f69aeb35c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Senseless: A False Sense Of Perception Essay Research PaperPhysical isolations are used by Alan Bennett to show how characters are physically rejected, this is shown in A Chip In The Sugar when Graham attends therapy group and is left out of most of the conversation, this is the only time Graham spends without his mother. Bennett shows how both characters are in one way or another left stranded without friends, which also adds to their isolation and loneliness. Turns out the rest off them had gone off to supper. Mr Turnball and Grahams mother often leave Graham out; they go on outings leaving him at home, usually in bed. Today they went over to York this also shows how Graham becomes increasingly excluded from the society. Bennetts language and style differ slightly in A Chip In The Sugar and Her Big Chance in both, the reader is able to see the events in the characters own deluded way. The language used is mainly the same, although altered to fit the characters individual isolation and their way of accepting it. Blake often has Lesley using clichi s such as I didnt fall off the Christmas tree yesterday he does this as to make her seem superficial. Although at the same time she uses colloquial language ciao, Simon this shows how Lesley acts very false towards people. This also draws her away from society, she does this as she often reads self-help books the drill for saying goodbye is this too shows how Lesley is insecure caused by her isolation and loneliness. Bennett creates a great sense of insecurity with his character Graham I didnt say anything this is repeated throughout the text, showing that Graham is unable to stand up for himself when others put him down, this makes progressively more isolated. There is a sense of irony used by Bennett in Her Big Chance gives the audience the impression that Lesley is talking about giving her body Acting is really just giving. Also in Her Big Chance Bennett uses imagery then I saw the cat sitting there watching the trout this gives the image of the way in which people are towards her. Bennett uses all these things to give his characters their own degrees of loneliness and isolation.

Number of Days Necessary for a New Habit to Form free essay sample

Introduction – Existing Papers’ Theories Habits are routines of behaviour inherently relevant to every single human. They are â€Å"repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously. Habitual behaviour often goes unnoticed in persons exhibiting it, because a person does not need to engage in self-analysis when undertaking routine tasks. Habituation is an extremely simple form of learning, in which an organism, after a period of exposure to a stimulus, stops responding to that stimulus in varied manners.The process by which new behaviors become automatic is habit formation. † (Wikipedia, 2012) Throughout the years, different people have come up with different research findings that proposing different number of days of repetition required for this habit to be cultivated. So what exactly is the number of days required to form a habit? 21, 40, 66? To find an answer to this, let us first look at a few of these great theories and research findings proposed. 1. 1. 21-Days Habit Theory—Dr Maxwell MaltzThis whole buzz about habit creation is believed to have been initiated by Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Number of Days Necessary for a New Habit to Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maxwell Maltz in his book titled Psycho-Cybernetics. Dr Maltz introduced the 21-day period needed to forming a habit by repeatedly doing something for 21 days without any break in between. Initially, he noticed it took 21 days for amputees to cease feeling phantom sensations in the amputated limb. Further research found that brain circuits take engrams (memory traces), and produce neuroconnections and neuropathways only if they are bombarded for 21 days in a row.This means that our brain does not accept new data for a change of habit unless it is repeated each day for 21 days (without missing a day). Thus, he concluded that it took 21 days to create a new habit (Psycho-Cybernetics, 1971). The essence of the technique Maltz proposed is simply to spend 15 minutes a day engaging in the actions of any habit you wish to create, and repeating this routine faithfully for 21 days. By the fourth week, it should become very natural to continue doing it. If you miss a day, just keep going until youve been doing the new behaviour for 21 days in a row.Maltz proposed that this method is applicable to all kinds of habits, be it a physical practice of jogging or a cognitive perception, like self image for instance. He noticed a significant portion of his customers still retaining a poor self image even though the plastic surgery they had undergone had already improved their appearance. This prompted him to work with his clients self image before the surgery, by using the same 21-day period to create changes in their mindset. Surprisingly, he discovered he could assist them to acquire an improved self image without surgery. . 2. 40-Days Habit Theory—Ancient Scriptures According to yoga teachings and the book Yoga for Women, it is believed that it takes 40 days to change a bad habit into a positive one, 90 days to confirm the new habit in you, and 120 days to allow the new habit to 1 become who you are (Yoga for Women, 2002). One hundred seventy-six students from twelve different states and four countries participated in Chicago for a 40-days meditation, as they believe that it takes 40 days for this habit of meditation to become completely integrated into the subconscious mind. Many ancient scriptures wrote that 40 days is a length of time required for enacting change. If one is consistent with the practice, he can clear old subconscious patterns, set up new positive patterns and change your life for the better. 1. 3. 66 Days Habit Theory—Phillippa Lally A very recent new research by Phillippa Lally and colleagues from the Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre proposed that one needs at least 66 days of repeated behaviour on average in order to establish a habit. However, the range, Lally found, is anywhere from 18 to over 254 days. To investigate the process of habit formation in everyday life, 96 volunteers chose an eating, drinking or activity behaviour to carry out daily in the same context (for example ‘after breakfast’) for 12 weeks. They completed the self-report habit index (SRHI) each day and recorded whether they carried out the behaviour. The majority (82) of participants increases in automaticity were examined over the study period. Nonlinear regressions fitted an asymptotic curve to each individuals automaticity scores over the 84 days.The model fitted for 62 individuals, of whom 39 showed a good fit. Performing the behaviour more consistently was associated with better model fit. The time it took participants to reach 95% of their asymptote of automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days; indicating considerable variation in how long it takes people to reach their limit of automaticity and highlighting that it can take a very long time. Missing one opportunity to perform the behaviour did not materially affect the habit formation process. With repetition of a behaviour in a consistent context, automaticity increases following an asymptotic curve which can be modelled at the individual level. † (Phillippa Lally, 2009-2010) Lally also discovered that the behaviour for first habit formation is cue-dependent. In order to carry out a behaviour you want to establish as a habit, you need an exposure to a cue that serves as a â€Å"reminder† to perform the action. Such cues can be either situational, (such as your environment or location) or contextual (based on something else that you do).A situational cue example would be a toothbrush or a sink in cueing you to brush your teeth. Contextual cues include performance location, preceding actions in a sequence, other people associated with the habit (Verplanken, et al. , 1998; Wood ; Neal, 2007), specific time of day, and even particular mood (Wood, Tam, ; Witt, 2005). A contextual cue example for remembering to eat a piece of fruit before eating breakfast every morning would be getting out of bed in the morning or reaching the time of day when you’re about to eat breakfast. Phillippa Lally, 2009-2010) 1. 4. Other findings about habits Ann Graybiel of MIT’s McGovern Institute has shown through research why old habits die hard after conducting experiments using a rat and placing a chocolate as a reward at the end of one of the 2 pathway, using audible tones as cues indicating which arm of the maze contains the reward. Subsequently, the reward was removed, and later on put back after some time but the rat still retains memory of that habit, and picks it up instantly.According to Graybiel, â€Å"Neurons can change their firing patterns when habits are learned, but it is startling to find that these patterns reverse when the habit is lost, only to recur again as soon as something kicks off the habit again, That is why it is so easy to p ick back up negative addictions like smoking and drinking, but also why if you establish good habits but lose them, you can kick them back up much easier as well. Our brain retains a memory of the habit context, and this pattern can be triggered if the right habit cues come back. This situation is familiar to anyone who is trying to lose weight or to control a well-engrained habit. Just the sight of a piece of chocolate cake can reset all those good intentions. † (Delude, 2005) 1. 5. Papers’ Proposed Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Habit Formation One factor affecting the effectiveness of formation of the habit is the consistency of the time at which you repeat the behaviour. Maltz proposed that it will help if the behaviour being repeated, such as jogging, is performed at the same time of day every day.On the other hand, although Lally also proposes that consistency is essential in the effectiveness of habit formation, her method is more flexible in the sense that one can actually skip a day without having to restart the day count, only that you have go right back to performing the desired action the next day. Another factor proposed by Maltz is the use of other senses to establish the habit. For example, if to establish the habit of meditating, you can reinforce the practice by wearing the same clothing, burning the same incense, occupying the same location, and assuming the same posture.The more senses you can involve in the new habit, the more likely it is to become ingrained in the neural pathways, so, even if youre working on your self image in a mental construct, its helpful to use all the faculties of your imagination to include sights, sounds, smells, and the senses of feeling and taste to strengthen the image which you come to associate with your new self image. In other words, make it seem as real as possible. (PsychoCybernetics, 1971). 3 2. 0. Aspects of Habit Formation used in Marketing

Why Do NaNoWriMo

Why Do NaNoWriMo For half a million writers worldwide the month of November is NaNoWriMo (National Novel Writing Month). As a  NaNoWriMo  mentor and writer its the highlight of my writing year. Have you considered it? The NaNoWriMo challenge to write 50,000 words in 30 days began in 1999. Its a non-profit effort run mostly for Elephants">Water for Elephants. The regions are supported Is there a prize? No. NaNoWrio isnt a writing competition, its a creative challenge. Its benefits include discounts on writing tools, bragging rights, improved writing resume, increased creativity, finding a local writing community, and most importantly, a first draft of your book. Does it have to be in November? November doesnt suit everybody. You could try  Camp NaNo. It runs in April and July and is a smaller event with more flexible targets. I used it to start a short fiction collection. Others complete a novel, edit a book, or write a script – your choice. Is there a cost? No, it runs on writer donations. Is it possible? Yes, but must commit to it. Statistically 17 percent  of writers finish NaNoWriMo but weve pushed that to 40 percent in my region thanks to advance preparation. Telling your friends and family gives you cheerleaders. Planning your plot and  characters and doing some research helps you face the blank page. Scheduling two hours for writing daily will keep you on track. Freezing dinners and turning off the TV will create writing time. When struggling to meet my word count I hand the WiFi router to my husband. Will it get me published? No, but its a start. My small region now has several published writers who still participate in NaNo annually. One poet self-published her collection and runs the poetry performances in the regional arts festival. A romance novelist has her first childrens book out. A zombie-thriller writer is a national novel contest finalist. What you do with your book after NaNoWriMo is up to you, but meeting other writers is inspirational. Why bother? I get asked this often and I have many answers. Writing a book in November gives me work to edit and submit for the rest of the year. Writing daily (as Hope recommends) gives  me a more professional approach to my work. NaNoWriMo encourages  me to try new genres and restored the fun in my writing. I meet other writers and built a year-round network. NaNoWriMo provides plenty of support apart from your local mentor. Theres a blog and published authors interact and inspire via  #NaNoCoach. The discounts on writing tools are hand,  and I enjoy my winners certificates and web-badges. Exclusive pep talks from bestsellers like  Neil Gaiman,  Diana Gabaldon, and  John Green  are fantastic. First-timers worry about the deadline but shouldnt. Even if you dont reach 50,000 words you will definitely write more than normally that you would otherwise in November. If you prefer to write plays, poetry or short fiction, join us anyhow. You get a cool title – NaNoRebel. If you write, youre welcome. This November consider becoming participant 500,001. NaNoWriMo Resources  ·      Ã‚  Ã‚  nanowrimo.org  ·         http://ywp.nanowrimo.org  Ã‚   Young Writers Programme (age 17 and under)  ·         http://campnanowrimo.org/about   Camp NaNo  ·         http://nanowrimo.org/pep-talks   Exclusive Pep Talks archive  ·         http://blog.nanowrimo.org/ Blog free cover contest  ·         http://nanowrimo.org/sponsor-offers   Offers for winners and participants

How does CRM help companies with their customers Term Paper

How does CRM help companies with their customers - Term Paper Example Thus, on the basis of such application of information, the store is able to offer its clientele targeted coupons and additional programs that will motivate its consumers to purchase more products from that store (Connick; Turban, Leidner and McLean). In addition, the customer relationship management is an information industry paradigm intended for software, methodologies and especially the Internet service that facilitates a company to manage customer relationships in a well-organized way (Williams; Turban, Leidner and McLean). This paper will discuss some of the important aspects of customer relationship management and how CRM help companies with their customers. The basic purpose of this research is to assess the potential influence of effective CRM policies, technologies and strategies for building better customer services for any business. Customer Relationship Management Systems In the past, the customers’ data were stored in various remote systems in a variety of functio nal departments, for instance, sales, finance, distribution, and marketing. On the other hand, the emergence of e-commerce created huge amounts of customer data that were not incorporated with the data in the service area of the information system. Thus, the CRM applications were created in an attempt to deal with these issues by offering information and tools to bring a better customer experience and to maximize the time customer value for an organization. Basically, the CRM puts together customers’ data from a variety of corporate departments, evaluate these data, and then offer the results to both customers and employees touch points. In this scenario, a customer touch point can be any method to communicate with the customer for instance, email, telephone or fax (Turban, Leidner and McLean; Stair and Reynolds). However, we will make a mistake if we consider the customer relationship management as simply a software system or solution. Without doubt, customer relationship ma nagement can offer the companies a wide variety of tools and techniques to effectively manage and monitor clients. However, CRM is as well a viewpoint, a strategic method for recognizing the requirements of the organization’s customers. In fact, the effective management of a customer’s requirements directs toward customer satisfaction. In addition, if an organization does not link itself with the trends of always growing marketplace, not expecting and responding to its customers, it fails to survive. In addition, a business is not able to construct preference for a product if its customers’ requirements and desires are not precisely understood and satisfied. In this scenario, in the approved manner implemented CRM solutions can be an influential tool that businesses can utilize to build brand preference, and make their customers happy (SageAsiaPac). The Applications of CRM Systems The majority of CRM applications and service packages exist to help organizations manage the customer relationship process. In fact, salespeople are likely to consider of these computer applications as the be-all and end-all of customer relationship management. On the other hand, customer relationship management has at the present turned into a great deal broader as compared to a computer; actually, it has been present in one form or another

Global M Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Some Leaders Are Born Some Are Made Religion Essay

Some Leaders Are Born Some Are Made Religion Essay Dreams float on an impatient wind, A wind that wants to create a new order. An order of strength and thundering of fire. from a poem written by Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Some leaders are born, some are made but all dont have a trait that a great man like Dr. Kalam has. A great visionary, a thinker, philanthropist and overall a good human being. The man, ascetic in looks and behaviour, belongs to a rare breed of those who dream lofty dreams, and work hard to transform vision into reality.The man who played a key role in the nuclear tests at Pokharan in the Rajasthan desert on May 11 and 13, has a favourite quotation: We must think and act like a nation of a billion people and not like that of a million people. Dream, dream, dream ! Conduct these dreams into thoughts, and then transform them into action. Above all he is quintessentially Indian. Never allowing his astounding success as a scientist to diminish his humanity and humility. Despite having had an unparalleled career as a defense scientist and been crowned with the highest civilian award of India, the Bharat Ratna, he retains the common touch. As the scientific and technology advisor to the prime minister, he propelled India into the select club of missile powers. He resigned from the post to take up a more ambitious programme of teaching and creating scientific temper in the minds of young inquisitive and knowledge thirsty Indians. Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is the undisputed father of Indias missile program. He has breathed life into ballistic missiles like the Agni and Prithvi, which put China and Pakistan well under Indias missile range. It is too exhausting to track Dr Abdul Kalams achievements to date. In the 60s and 70s he was a trail blazer in the space department. In the 80s he transformed the moribund Defence Research and Development Laboratory in Hyderabad into a highly motivated team. By the 90s Kalam emerged as the czar of Indian science and technology and was awarded the Bharat Ratna. His life and mission is a vindication of what a determined person can achieve against extraordinary odds. Do things yourself. Do not indulge in short-cuts by importing equipment, thundered the great scientist after the famed Pokhran-2 nuclear blasts in 1998. A strong advocate of this philosophy, he distributed newspapers at a young age to help with household expenses. A vegetarian and a teetotaller, Abdul Kalam recites the Quran and the Bhagvad Gita with equal ease. A confirmed bachelor, his modesty is evident from the fact that he gives all the credit to his colleagues. Abdul Kalam is a dreamer. He dreamt of a strong India. His next goal is to produce a reusable missile which no country in the world has been able to produce. And judging by his earlier achievements, this invention does not seem a distant possibility for this genius. As a child, he was fascinated by the flight of seagulls and the interest in flight led to a degree in aeronautical engineering, and eventually to his supervising the development of Indias guided missiles. Along the way, he found time to write Tamil poetry and learned to play the veena. Kalam believes that he has inherited honesty and self-discipline from his father, while faith in goodness and kindness is the trait inherited from his mother. His is a classic story of the magic of democracy where a person from a humble background can expect to rise to the most prestigious position in the country through sheer dint of merit. Kalam has the unique distinction of having received honorary doctorates from at least thirty universities. As a sign of his popularity among Indian youth, MTV-India recently nominated him as one of the prospects for its MTV India Youth Icon for the year 2006 Award. As Dr. Kalam said: You have to dream before your dreams can come true. Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across in your life Climbing to the top demands strength, whether it is to the top of Mount Everest or to the top of your career We should not give up and we should not allow the problem to defeat us. God, our Creator, has stored within our minds and personalities, great potential strength and ability. Prayer helps us tap and develop these powers. God, our Creator, has stored within our minds and personalities, great potential strength and ability. Prayer helps us tap and develop these powers Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success If we are not free, no one will respect us Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: From humble beginnings to Presidency. The Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 at Dhanushkodi in the Rameswaram district of Tamil Nadu. He was neither educated abroad, nor was his family financially very strong to support his academic pursuits. His father, Jainulabiddin Marakayar had to rent boats out to fishermen to pay for his school fees. His mother Ashiamma, had gained much formal education. His father possessed great innate wisdom, true generosity of spirit and was a spiritual person. He received secondary education at the Schwartz School, a missionary institute in Ramanathapuram, and later joined the St Josephs College at Tiruchirrapalli, where he graduated with a Bachelor in Science. Abdul Kalam went on to study Aeronautical Engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology. He was the first graduate in the family, with his brothers not even finishing school. He distributed newspapers at a young age to help with household expenses. Abdul Kalam was perhaps marked out to be different right from the beginning. Since he was the youngest in the family, he got his fair share of pampering from the elders. But neighbours remember him as a reserved boy who was very interested in reading books. In a way, library was the foundation on which Kalam built his career. After completing his third year at MIT, Kalam joined Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bangalore as a trainee. Here, he worked on piston and turbine engines examining as part of a team. He also received training on radial engine-cum-drum operations. In 1958, when he came out of HAL as a graduate of aeronautical engineering, he had his long-standing dream of flying, as two alternative opportunities for employment. One was the job at Directorate of Technical Development and Production (DTD P) of the Ministry of Defence and another was a career in the Indian Air Force. He applied at both the places, and the interview calls came simultaneously from both. He went to Delhi for an interview with DTD P, which did not challenge his knowledge of the subject. Then he went to Dehra Dun for interview with the Air Force Selection Board. Here too, the interview was more on personality test, rather than testing his knowledge. He stood ninth in the batch of 25, and eight officers were selected to be commissioned in the Air Force. Kalam could feel the opportunity to join the Air Force slipping from his hands. Dissapointed at his rejection by the IAF, Kalam visited Rishikesh where he bathed in the Ganga and met Swami Sivananda a man who looked like Buddha. He introduced himself to the Swamiji, who did not react to his Muslim identity. He asked Kalam about the reason for his sorrow. Kalam told him about his unsuccessful attempt to join the Indian Air Force and his long-cherished desire to fly. Sivananda guided him saying: Accept your destiny and go ahead with your life. You are not destined to become an Air Force pilot. What you are destined to become is not revealed now but it is predetermined. Forget this failure, as it was essential to lead you to your destined path. Search, instead, for the true purpose of your existence. Become one with yourself, my son! Surrender yourself to the wish of God. After returning to Delhi, Kalam received an appointment letter from DTD P. On the next day he joined as Senior Scientific Assistant, with a basic salary of Rs. 250/- per month. Here, he was posted at the Technical Center (Civil Aviation). He lost his resentment of failure, thinking he would be able to make aeroplanes airworthy if not fly aeroplanes. During his first year in the Directorate, he carried out a design assignment on supersonic target aircraft with the help of his officer-in-charge, R. Varadharajan, and won praise from the Director, Dr. Neelakantan. Then he was sent to the Aircraft and Armament Testing Unit(A ATU) at Kanpur to get shop-floor exposure to aircraft maintenance. Upon his return to Delhi, he was informed that the design of a DART target had been taken up at the DTD P and he was included in the design team. After that, he undertook a preliminary design study on Human Centrifuge. He designed and developed a vertical takeoff and landing platform, and Hot Cockpit. Three years later, the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) was formed in Bangalore and he was posted there. At ADE, Kalam served as a senior scientific assistant, heading a small team that developed a prototype hovercraft. Defence Minister Krishna Menon rode in Indias first indigenous hovercraft with Kalam at the controls. But for reasons never explained, the project which would have been a considerable international achievement in those days, was not encouraged. This was probably one of the reasons why he moved out of ADE in 1962 and joined Indias space program. Thoroughly Indian, the only brief exposure that he got abroad was in 1963-64 when he was invited by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to spend four months in the United States at the Wallops Island Rocketry Centre and the Langley Research Centre. During 1963-82, he served the Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO) in various capacities. Here Kalam initiated Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) activities, then after a stint with the aerodynamics and design group, he joined the satellite launch vehicle team at Thumba, near Trivandram and soon became Project Director for SLV-3. As Project Director, he was responsible for carrying out the design, development, qualification and flight testing of 44 major sub systems. The project managed to put Rohini, a scientific satellite, into orbit in July 1980. He was honoured with a Padma Bhushan in 1981. In 1982, as Director of DRDO, Kalam was entrusted with the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), Indias most successful military research task to date. The programme constituted of 5 major projects for meeting the requirements of the defence services and for establishing re-entry technology. The 5 projects were scheduled to be completed in a time frame of only 10 years and consisted of: Nag an anti-tank guided missile Prithvi a surface-to-surface battlefield missile Akash a swift, medium-range surface-to-air missile. Trishul a quick-reaction surface-to-air missile with a shorter range. Agni an intermediate range ballistic missile, the mightiest of them all From his SLV-3 experience, Kalam had learned the advantages of team work and of sharing the tasks with partners in private and public sector industries. In the new management structure of the missile program, Kalam, as the Chairman of the Programme Management Board, delegated almost all executive and financial powers to five carefully selected Project Directors and kept himself free to address the core technology issues. His task was to inspire and monitor over 20 institutions and partners outside ranging from large public and private sector suppliers to small specialist firms that needed seed money to take up the precision tasks. The missiles went up more or less on schedule: Trishul in 1985, Prithvi in 1988, Agni in 1989 and the others in 1990. The development and successful flight test of Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, Nag, and Agni established the indigeneous capability towards self reliance in defence preparedness. The successful launching of Agni surface-to-surface missile was a unique achievement which made India a member of an exclusive club of highly developed countries. The Trishul has the unique distinction of being capable of serving all three services. The establishment of the Research Centre Imarat(RCI), a campus 8km from DRDL, in 1988 was perhaps the most satisfying achievement for Kalam during the missile years. He received generous funding from the Government to build the futuristic centre, which is totally geared for work in advanced missile technologies. Its state-of-the-art facilities are set in a unique ambience and the level of comfort accorded to the individual worker is matched by few RD institutions. And Kalams interest in the environment saw RCI emerge as an oasis in a rocky wasteland. It has a small farm that meets the food requirements of those who stay in the RCI quarters. Kalam was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1990. On 25th November 1997, in appreciation of his contributions to Indian defence and science, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was awarded Indias highest civilian honour- the Bharat Ratna. In October 1998, he bagged the prestigious Indira Gandhi award for national integration(for 1997). After 10 years in DRDL, he went to New Delhi to take over from Arunachalam as Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister reluctantly, many in DRDL felt. But the system created by Kalam had taken a firm hold in that decade and the missile programme passed on smoothly into its final phase of production and induction. In Delhi, Kalam as head of the DRDO had to deliver other prestigious projects, such as the Arjun MBT and the Light Combat Aircraft(LCA) projects. Strength respects strength, this is Kalams usual response to the question why India needs its own missiles or a battle tank or a combat aircraft. While management practices he adopted for the missile program have inevitably rubbed off on these projects, there are no miracles to be had in strategic development areas. There have been technical problems. Even in the missile program, work on the SAMs and the ATM is slower than anticipated. But Trishuls recent multiple test flights have demonstrated that the system Kalam put in place has inherent strengths. Kalam is by no means a miracle man. As the head of a vast network of laboratories whose products include avalanche-controlling structures in Kashmir, water desalination kits for the Thar desert, a world class sonar submarine finder for the latest warship INS Delhi, and infra-red night vision goggles for the Indian Army Kalams attention is necessarily a bit diffused. His self-effacing persona cloaks a formidable catalyst who can make people work. Kalam is happiest at the drawing board, in discussion with his scientists on how their dreams for the next millennium can be fulfilled. The projects envisaged include an air breathing hyperplane spacecraft that draws oxygen from the atmosphere rather than carry it all the way from the ground, reusable missiles and stealth technology. Kalam has shown that with adequate funding, freedom from procedural holdups and a people-oriented management, India can make products of internationally acceptable technical standards in a demanding arena like defence. Science, according to Kalam, is a global phenomenon. He feels there are a few areas where India can develop its core competence. These areas are software engineering, computer products and design, agriculture and food, aviation, defence research and space technology and chemical engineering. This will lead to a highly beneficial economic and social progress for the nation. On 25th November 1999, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was appointed Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India and accorded the rank of a Cabinet Minister. His role was to advise on overall scientific development in the country on issues relating to scientific and technical policy in different sectors. Kalam also advised on matters relating to achieving technological self-reliance and foreign collaboration. On December 8, 2000, the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission, Shri K.C. Pant conferred the Life-time Contribution Award in Engineering 2000 on Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam at the annual function of the Indian National Academy of Engineering in New Delhi. Speaking on the occasion, Kalam said that Engineering and technology should be used for the upliftment of the people living below the poverty line. On November 10, 2001, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam quit as principal scientific advisor to the government. Sources close to Kalam, said he quit because of lack of executive authority. However Kalam had been for quite some time keen on pursuing academic interests and helping scientists across the country in developing their research capabilities. Thats why after quitting he took over the job as distinguished professor at Anna University. Dr Kalam has spent the past few years developing the concept of India Millennium Missions 2020 a blueprint for transforming India into a developed nation. He calls it the second vision of the nation and says he wants to focus on the children of India to ignite in their minds a love for science and the nations mission: a developed India. On July 25, 2002, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was sworn in as the 11th President of India by Chief Justice of India B.N. Kirpal in the Central Hall of Parliament at an impressive function telecast live across the country. Kalam took the oath in the name of God as a 21-gun salute boomed in the background Dr. Abdul Kalam has visualized the following distinctive profile for India by the year 2020: 1. A Nation where the rural and urban divide has reduced to a thin line. 2. A Nation where there is an equitable distribution and adequate access to energy and quality water. 3. A Nation where agriculture, industry and service sector work together in symphony. 4. A Nation where education with value system is not denied to any meritorious candidates because of societal or economic discrimination. 5. A Nation which is the best destination for the most talented scholars, scientists, and investors. 6. A Nation where the best of health care is available to all. 7. A Nation where the governance is responsive, transparent and corruption free. 8. A Nation where poverty has been totally eradicated, illiteracy removed and crimes against women and children are absent and none in the society feels alienated. 9. A Nation that is prosperous, healthy, secure, peaceful and happy and continues with a sustainable growth path. 10. A Nation that is one of the best places to live in and is proud of its leadership. Dr. Kalam: The Kind Human A truly Inspirational Story of a boss! On a day at TERLS: There were about 70 scientists working on a very hectic project. All of them were really frustrated due to the pressure of work and the demands of their boss but everyone was loyal to him and did not think of quitting the job. One day, one scientist came to his boss and told him Sir, I have promised to my children that I will take them to the exhibition going on in our township. So I want to leave the office at 5 30 pm. His boss replied OK, Youre permitted to leave the office early today. The Scientist started working. He continued his work after lunch. As usual he got involved to such an extent that he looked at his watch when he felt he was close to completion. The time was 8.30 PM. Suddenly he remembered of the promise he had given to his children.He looked for his boss, He was not there. Having told him in the morning itself, he closed everything and left for home. Deep within himself, he was feeling guilty for having disappointed his children. He reached home. Children were not there. His wife alone was sitting in the hall and reading magazines.The situation was explosive, any talk would boomerang on him. His wife asked him Would you like to have coffee or shall I straight away serve dinner if you are hungry.The man replied If you would like to have coffee, I too will have but what about Children . Wife replied You dont know , Your manager came here at 5.15 PM and has taken the children to the exhibition .What had really happened was .: The boss who granted him permission was observing him working seriously at 5.00 PM. He thought to himself, this person will not leave the work, but if he has promised his children they should enjoy the visit to exhibition. So he took the lead in taking them to exhibition. The boss does not have to do it every time. But once it is done, loyalty is established.That is why all the scientists at Thumba continued to work under their boss even though the stress was tremendous. The boss was none other than Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam . Another Life incident, when Dr. Kalam was asked a question : Could you give an example, from your own experience, of how leaders should manage failure? Dr. Kalam  said Let me tell you about my experience. In 1973 I became the project director of Indias satellite launch vehicle program, commonly called the SLV-3. Our goal was to put Indias Rohini satellite into orbit by 1980. I was given funds and human resources but was told clearly that by 1980 we had to launch the satellite into space. Thousands of people worked together in scientific and technical teams towards that goal. By 1979 I think the month was August we thought we were ready. As the project director, I went to the control center for the launch. At four minutes before the satellite launch, the computer began to go through the checklist of items that needed to be checked. One minute later, the computer program put the launch on hold; the display showed that some control components were not in order. My experts I had four or five of them with me told me not to worry; they had done their calculations and there was enough reserve fuel. So I bypassed the computer, switched to manual mode, and launched the rocket. In the first stage, everything worked fine. In the second stage, a problem developed. Instead of the satellite going into orbit, the whole rocket system plunged into the Bay of Bengal. It was a big failure. That day, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, Prof. Satish Dhawan, had called a press conference. The launch was at 7:00 am, and the press conference where journalists from around the world were present was at 7:45 am at ISROs satellite launch range in Sriharikota [in Andhra Pradesh in southern India]. Prof. Dhawan, the leader of the organization, conducted the press conference himself. He took responsibility for the failure he said that the team had worked very hard, but that it needed more technological support. He assured the media that in another year, the team would definitely succeed. Now, I was the project director, and it was my failure, but instead, he took responsibility for the failure as chairman of the organization. The next year, in July 1980, we tried again to launch the satellite and this time we succeeded. The whole nation was jubilant. Again, there was a press conference. Prof. Dhawan called me aside and told me, You conduct the press conference today. I learned a very important lesson that day. When failure occurred, the leader of the organization owned that failure. When success came, he gave it to his team. The best management lesson I have learned did not come to me from reading a book; it came from that experience. Dr. Kalams Inspirational messages: As a child of God, I am greater than anything that can happen to me. Be more dedicated to making solid achievements than in running after swift but synthetic happiness. Climbing to the top demands strength, whether it is to the top of Mount Everest or to the top of your career. Do we not realize that self respect comes with self reliance? Educationists should build the capacities of the spirit of inquiry, creativity, entrepreneurial and moral leadership among students and become their role model. English is necessary as at present original works of science are in English. I believe that in two decades times original works of science will start coming out in our languages. Then we can move over like the Japanese. God, our Creator, has stored within our minds and personalities, great potential strength and ability. Prayer helps us tap and develop these powers. Great dreams of great dreamers are always transcended. I was willing to accept what I couldnt change. If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother and the teacher. In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime. It means, people who are in high and responsible positions, if they go against righteousness, righteousness itself will get transformed into a destroyer. Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. Life is a difficult game. You can win it only by retaining your birthright to be a person. Look at the sky. We are not alone. The whole universe is friendly to us and conspires only to give the best to those who dream and work. Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success. My view is that at a younger age your optimism is more and you have more imagination etc. You have less bias. No religion has mandated killing others as a requirement for its sustenance or promotion. Those who cannot work with their hearts achieve but a hollow, half-hearted success that breeds bitterness all around. To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal. Unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. In this world, fear has no place. Only strength respects strength. We have not invaded anyone. We have not conquered anyone. We have not grabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enforce our way of life on them. We must think and act like a nation of a billion people and not like that of a million people. Dream, dream, dream! We should not give up and we should not allow the problem to defeat us. We will be remembered only if we give to our younger generation a prosperous and safe India, resulting out of economic prosperity coupled with civilizational heritage. Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with foreign things? Is it a legacy of our colonial years? We want foreign television sets. We want foreign shirts. We want foreign technology. Why this obsession with everything imported? You have to dream before your dreams can come true. Thinking is progress. Non-thinking is stagnation of the individual, organisation and the country. Thinking leads to action. Knowledge without action is useless and irrelevant. Knowledge with action, converts adversity into prosperity. When you speak, speak the truth; perform when you promise; discharge your trust Withhold your hands from striking, and from taking that which is unlawful and bad What actions are most excellent? To gladden the heart of a human being, to feed the hungry, to help the afflicted to lighten the sorrow of the sorrowful and to remove the wrongs of injured Away! Fond thoughts, and vex my soul no more! Work claimed my wakeful nights, my busy days Albeit brought memories of Rameswaram shore Yet haunt my dreaming gaze! I will not be presumptuous enough to say that my life can be a role model for anybody; but some poor child living in an obscure place in an underprivileged social setting may find a little solace in the way my destiny has been shaped. It could perhaps help such children liberate themselves from the bondage of their illusory backwardness and hopelessness?.. My worthiness is all my doubt His Merit- all my fear- Contrasting which my quality Does however appear   Indeed APJ Abdul Kalam is a great personality, whose contemplated words mean much more than just the literal meaning. Some lessons in the life of Dr. Kalam. In 1936; Kalams education initiated at the age of 5 years in Rameswaram Panchayat elementary school. He had a Teacher Muthu Iyer who took special interest in him as he performed very well in a class exercise. He was impressed and next day he came his house to tell his father that Abdul was a very good student. His parents were happy and he also got his favourite sweet from his mother. When he was in first class, one day he did not turn up at school. Teacher Muthu Iyer noticed his absence and same evening he went to Kalams father to ask what the problem was and whether he can do anything to help. On that day, Kalam was having fever. Another important thing, which he noticed was Kalams hand writing, was very poor. He gave a three page writing exercise ensured that Kalam did the exercise everyday regularly. By these actions of his teacher Muthu Iyer, Kalams father believed that Muthu Iyer was not only a good teacher but also a great influence who shaped kalam with good habits. Kalam was studying in 5th class at the age of 10 when he was given a vision for his life. He had a teacher, Shri Siva Subramania Iyer. He was a very good teacher. One day he was teaching about birds flight. He drew a diagram of a bird on the blackboard depicting the wings, tail and the body structure with the head. He explained how the birds create the lift and fly. He also explained how they change direction while flying. Nearly 25 minutes he gave the lecture with various information such as lift, drag and how the birds fly in a formation of 10, 20 or 30 etc. At the end of the class, he wanted to know whether the students understood how the birds fly, to which Kalam replied he didnt understand. When he said this, he asked the other students whether they understood or not. Many students said that they did not understand. Hence, the teacher took the students to the beach that evening and asked them to observe how the bird flapped their wings, twisted their tales to give directions to the flight and used their will, motivation and own life to act as the engine of their flight. The theory coupled with practical example gave Kalam the goal and mission in life. He worked towards joining aeronautical engineering in MIT, Chennai Greatly inspired by Aryabhata, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Brahmagupta and Bhaskaracharyas work as Indians who had made significant contributions to astronomy and mathematics, Kalam had found his areas of interest and motivational figures. Working under Prof. Srinivasan, the then Director of MIT, Kalam was given a project in third year of his course, he was assigned a project to design a low-level attack aircraft together with six other colleagues. He was given the responsibility of system design and system integration by integrating the team members. Also, he was responsible for aerodynamic and structural design of the project. The other five of the team took up the design of propulsion, control, guidance, avionics and instrumentation of the aircraft. He reviewed the project and declared Kalams work to be gloomy and disappointing. He didnt lend an ear to Kalams difficulties in bringing together data base from multiple designers. Kalam asked for a months time and Dr. Srinivasan gave only 3 days time. Also, a warning that if the task was not completed in time, Kalams scholarship would be revoked. Kalam had a jolt of life, as scholarship was the lifeline, without which he could not continue with his studies. So the team, skipping the dinner

Cultures of Pakistan Essay

Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Culture may be defined as behavior peculiar to human beings, together with material objects used. Culture consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, codes, institution, tools, techniques, works of arts, ceremonies and so on. According to Allama Iqbal: â€Å"Culture encompasses all the mental, Spiritual and Physical activities of a Nation. It includes the basic beliefs and faith, values and literature, art and architecture, music and mode of dress, manners and customs prevalent in a given Society.† PAKISTANI CULTURE IS A ISLAMIC CULTURE Pakistan is an ideological Islamic State. Its very existence is due to Islam, so the Pakistani culture is primarily based on the Islamic way of life. All other ingredients of culture are inspired by Islam. Pakistani culture is highlighted by its grandeur, simplicity, firm convictions and noble deeds and ideas. If we study the cultures of Pakistan there are four different types of cultures at provincial level. They are different from each other in some aspects and similar in some aspects. Punjab People: Punjabi people are very warm hearted and fun loving. Punjabis are heterogeneous group comprising of different tribes, clans, communities and are known to celebrate each and every tradition of their culture. Some popular casts of Punjabi’s are; Jats, Maliks, Mughals, Arains, Gujjars, Awans, Rajputs, Gakhars, Khokhars, Sheikhs, Aheers, Kambohs, Niazis, Legharis, Khosas, Dogars, Thaheem, Mirani, Qureshis, and Syeds. Languages: Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. It is spoken as the first language by majority people in Punjab, even spoken and understood in areas beyond the confines of Punjab. Facts and figures show that Punjabi language is spoken as first language by 44% of Pakistanis. Urdu language is also commonly spoken in this region. Key Punjabi languages/dialects are: Dresses: Costumes of Punjab are an indication of the bright and vibrant culture and lifestyle of the people. The costumes are a mix of colours, comfort and beauty and Punjab is well known for the use of phulkari(embroidery) in its costumes. In most of the villages of Punjab men wear Pagri(turban), dhoti/lacha, kurta, khusa. Women wear gharara, or choridar pajama or colorful shalwar kameez, paranda, choli/duppata, khusa, kola puri chappal or tillay wali jutti. Whereas in urban areas of Punjab men and women follow latest trends and fashion, generally they wear different styles of shalwar kameez. Cuisine: The extensive cuisine of Punjab can be vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Most Punjabi food is eaten with either rice or roti. There are some dishes that are exclusive to Punjab such as Mah Di Dal, Paratha, Makai ki rotti, Saron Da Saag, and in cities Choley, Haleem, Baryani and other spicy dishes are popular. In beverages, tea is consumed in all seasons and as a custom most of Punjabis serve tea to their guests. Punjabis are also fond of Zarda, Gulab-Jamuns, Kheer, Jalaibi,Samosy, Pakorey etc. During summers people drink lassi, doodh-soda, aloo bokharey ka sharbat, lemonade etc. Sports: Punjabi people have fanatical interest in sports. Punjabi’s are fond of kabaddi, and wrestling. Other games being played in Punjab region include Gilli-Danda, Khoo-Khoo, Yassu-Panju, Pitho-Garam, Ludo, Chuppan-Chupai, Baraf-Panni, Kanchy and some major sports include cricket, boxing, horse-racing, hockey and football. Cultural Festivals: There are numerous festivals which are celebrated by Punjabi people including some religious festivals such as Eid-Milad-Un-Nabi, Jumu’ah, Laylat-ul-Qadr etc. Urcs (devotional fairs),which are held at the shirnes of sufi saints, Melas and Nomaish (exhibitions). Lahori’s are famous all over the country for their celebrations particularly for Basant festival (kite flying) in the spring season. Dance and Music: Bhangra is most commonly known Punjabi music genre and dance style. Punjabis passionately love folk songs/music, Qawali and Punjabi music  is recognized throughout the world. The Tabla, Dhol, Dholki, Chimta, Flute and Sitar are all common instruments of this delightful culture. Different forms of dance in Punjab are: Loddi, Dhamal, Sammi, Kikli, Gatka, Bhangra, Giddha and Dandiya. Customs and Rituals: Some of the customs followed in Punjab have no foundation in Islam. However, the Punjabi culture has adopted those ceremonies and traditions from Hindu culture. Birth Rituals: Punjabis celebrate birth of their child with great enthusiasm. Grandfather or grandmother or some respected elder member from the family puts honey with their index finger in child’s mouth called Ghutii. Sweets are distributed among friends and relatives and people bring gifts for the child and mother. Generally on 7thday child’s head is shaven and Aqiqa ceremony is held, also sheep/goat is slaughtered. Punjabi Weddings: Punjabi weddings are based on traditions and are conducted with strong reflection of the Punjabi culture followed by several pre-wedding customs and rituals (dholki,mayun,ubtan etc.) Traditional customs and the ceremony generally lasts for 3days, Mehndi, Barat (Nikkah+Ruksati) and Walima, followed by Chauti (bringing the bride back to her parents’ home the next day). Funeral Rituals: At funerals after namaz-e-janaza it is customary to offer lunch to people who came for condolence. On 3rdday of the funeral, Qul is held and every following thursday the Quran is recited (jumah-e-raat) followed by prayers for deceased and after 40days the chaliswaan is held. Literature: Punjab is very rich with literature and Sufis adds more in its literature. Punjabi poetry is renowned for its extremely deep meaning, beautiful and hopeful use of words. The large number of Punjabi poetry is being translated throughout the world into many languages. Some famous poets of Punjabi are Sultan Bahu, Mia Mohammad Baksh, Baba Farid, Shah Hussain, Anwar Masood etc. Waris Shah, whose contribution to Punjabi literature is best-known for his seminal work in Heer Ranjha, known as Shakespeare of  Punjabi language. Bulleh Shah was a Punjabi Sufi poet, a humanist and a philosopher. The verse from Bulleh Shah primarily employed is called the Kafi, a style of Punjabi. Some other popular folk tales of Punjab include Sassi-Punnu, Sohni Mahiwal etc. that are passing through generations. Arts and Crafts: Punjab is the major manufacturing industry in Pakistan’s economy and here each art enjoys a place of its own. The main crafts created in the highlands and other rural areas of Punjab are basketry, pottery, bone work, textile, cloth woven on handlooms, cotton, silk etc. embroidery, weaving, carpets, stone craft, jewelry, metal work along with truck art and other wood works. Baluchistan Baloch culture is opposite to the general perception about it. Though Balochistan is an area of barren lands, deserts and mountains, the Baloch culture is full of traditions, arts and crafts. Balochi embroidery is one of the most popular arts and crafts which are done by the females. Baluchistan is also known for its tribes and festivals. Another distinct feature of Baloch culture is the storytelling tradition. Poets and story tellers are highly respected in Baloch culture. Language: The people belonging to Baloch tribe speak balochi language. Marriages: In Baloch culture marriages are different and unique than in the other provinces of the country. The marriages are according to Islamic principles in presence of a Mullana along with the presence of witnesses. Every member of the family takes part in the marriage; they express their joy and happiness by following the traditions of their culture. Usually the marriages are done in young ages (teenage) but are arranged in early childhood or at birth. Dressing : Like all the other provinces of Pakistan the national dress shalwar kameez with distinct additions and modifications are worn in Baloch culture. Turban is the common headwear of Bloch men along with wide loose shalwar along with knee-long shirts. Females dress consists of a shirt  having a big pocket and embroidery and embedded round mirror work in front. A big Dupatta/ Chaddar is taken to cover the head and shoulders. Festivals : Both religious and social festivals are celebrated by Baloch people. The religious festivals are same as across the country like Eid-ul-Azha and Eid-ul-Fiter. Baloch culture is full of many social festivals like Sibi festival which has folk music performance, cultural dances, handicrafts stalls, cattle shows and a number of other entertaining activities showing the colorful side of Baloch people. Music: Baloch culture is rich in folk music dances and songs. Famous wedding songs of Baloch culture are Nazenk and Salonk. The instruments used are mainly a flute, locally called Nal, Tamboora and Soroz. A common Baloch folk dance is known as Dochaap. Women also move in a circle clapping their hands on certain occasions. Other dances include the Lewa, Latti and Hambo. Food: Usually Baloch people have meals in morning and evening. Men and women eat separately. Wheat, millet and rice are part of the Baloch meal. Meat is also an important part; â€Å"Sajji† is the favorite dish of most people. Sajji is the food eaten with knife other than that Baloch people usually eat with hands. Milk, butter and vegetables are also part of Baloch cuisine. Sports: Popular games include chauk, and Ji. Also games like wrestling, horse racing, shooting and hunting pastimes among the wealthier people of tribes. Card games and gambling are also popular among groups of some tribes. Sindh Sindh is one of the four provinces in Pakistan located at the Southern border. The province of Sindh has been named after the famous River Indus. In Sanskrit, the province was dubbed Sindhu meaning an ocean. Language: Sindhi language is an ancient language spoken in Pakistan and many other parts of the world. Government of Pakistan issues National Identity Cards to its citizens only in two languages; Sindhi and Urdu. Festivals: The people of Sind love their religion and the two festivals of Eid-ul-Adha and Eid-ul-Fitr are celebrated with zeal and enthusiasm.  Different domestic festivals are arranged by the local people to provide people with new things they buy on Eid’s occasion. On different occasions, the Folk dance of Bhagat is also performed by professionals to entertain the visiting people. Hence, a Sindhi Cultural Festival is a compound of folk dances, music and cheap entertainment for local people. Lifestyle: People of Sindh are more inclined towards an agricultural based lifestyle. The fertile Indus Plains provide a valuable source of income for the local people who practice farming on these lands. Inland fishing is also practiced along the Indus River in Upper Sind providing further opportunities for local people. Itinerant way of lifestyle is commonly seen in the desertic regions of Thar where people move from place to place in search for drinking water sources along with their animals. Arts and Music: Sindhi society is dominated by great Sufis, the mystics and the martyrs. It has always been the land of peace, love, romance, and great cultural and artistic values. There were the great theologians of the Naqsh bandi order in Thatta who translated the fundamentals of the religion of Islam into their mother tongue. There were the great Sufi (mystic) poets like Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai who was the cherisher of truth and spent all his life in its propagation, pursuit and quest. Bhitai was also an excellent musician. He invented a new type of musical instrument, Tambura (drone instrument), which till today, is a primary source of music in rural Sindh. The beauty of Shah’s verses is enhanced by his blending of traditional Indian rag with the Sindhi folk songs and music. Cultural character:The ancient Sindhi civilization was the place, where the aesthetic utilization of leisure was freely indulged. There has been evidence, that the excavations of sites dating back to 3000 B.C. (all over Sindh) is also true, around 1200 years ago when Jaina Dakshiniya Chihna (778 A.D.) described the distinguished features of Sindhi’s in this way: â€Å"Elegant, with a lovely, soft and slow gait, they are fond of the art of harvas (that is, songs, music and dancing) and full affection towards their country.† Sindhi’s celebrate Sindh Cultural day worldwide on 6th December by wearing Ajrak & Sindhi Topi on that time. Pashtun The history and the origins of Pathans has been a controversial debate however not much of a consensus could be formed . There were theories ranging from Pakhtuns having an Aryan, Jewish, Arab or mixed origin. None was convincing enough to form a conclusion. Patahns are extremely obsessed and curious to know about their origin of their race, however it might not be a major concern for many other races. Holidays , special events and Traditions: Gham khadi,Wada Koidana,Topak tamacha,hujra,kat bistara along with those is the arrival of Sparlay or Spring, known as Nava Wroz (New Day), is also celebrated by some Pashtuns. It is an ancient annual Pashtun festival which celebrates both the beginning of spring and the New Year. Amongst some Pashtuns, Sheshbeeyeh, a prelude festival to Nava Wroz is also celebrated. Food: One of the most famous dishes includes tikkah,serge,sugi ka halwa,kawa,chapali kabab,kabala palao,special long naans. And many more Poetry: Pathan are very famous for their poetry ,they are very passionate and patriotic which is obvious from their poetry. Some of the famous poets are include Amir Kror Suri, Khushal Khan Khattak, Rahman Baba and many others. Dances Attan: In this dance, the dancers perform to the music.This dance is performed by both the genders involving 2-5 steps, ending with a clap given while facing the center, after which the process is repeated again. This dance is typically performed with the musician dictating the duration and speed. Khattak dance: The Khattak Dance is performed by the Khattak tribe. Mahsud dance: A unique dance routine using rifles performed by the Mahsud tribe of Pashtuns. Originally it was used to dance at the time of war, but later on became a cultural dance. The dancers dance empty handed and require only large drums. Nowadays though it is danced with the guns in the dancers hand. Waziri dance: Two drummers and a flute player play a particular tune. Two persons leave the circle; go dancing towards the drummers, and come back  dancing in the same manner. During performing both the persons turn around two times at a time once towards each other facing face to face and once keeping faces in opposite direction. After doing this separately they march while dancing to the assembled crowd. Clothing: Pashtun men usually wear a Partoog-Korteh in Pashto(salwar kameez is Urdu)with a pakul (Pashtun hat). In the Kandahar region young men usually wear different type of hat similar to a topi and in the Peshawar region they wear white kufis instead. Leaders or tribal chiefs sometimes wear a karakul hat, like Hamid Karzai and others. Women and girls wear traditional long dresses with a light piece of cloth used to cover their hair.They also wear beautiful hand made jewellery. And beautiful pakhtoon frocks. Sports: Some Pashtuns participate in buzkashi, which is a sport introduced in the region during the Mughal era.. The word â€Å"buz† means â€Å"goat† and â€Å"kashi† means â€Å"dragging† or â€Å"pulling†. Not a team sport, it is every man for himself and that becomes apparent as soon as the game starts. Although buskashi is primarily an individual sport, alliances are built up between various players. Between the alliances, the strongest players finally take control .This is very similar to polo. Football is another sports very enjoyablely played by pathans of Khyber pahktoonwar.

The Recently Leaked Secrets to Essay Topics on Happiness Uncovered

The Recently Leaked Secrets to Essay Topics on Happiness Uncovered Key Pieces of Essay Topics on Happiness You have tons of things to chat about in your essay! To me money is merely green paper that allows you buy things you need and need. When it comes, it might hurt our friends and us. Individuals who possess lots of money have more things than others that have a moderate quantity. Happiness is hard to define because it means something different to every individual individual. It is the ultimate goal of every human being. Again, it is not something that just comes to a person. It is not simple to define happiness as it's very elusive to attain it. Nobody can be certain about the things that will occur in the future. No 2 people have precisely the same definition of happiness. There's NO perfect relationship because there are flaws in all. Your essay on happiness will offer you a great instance of the way to compose a superb essay, therefore it'll be simpler that you compose your assignments later on. Self realization is a significant component that decides if we'll ever reach a state of happiness. Happiness is something which comes to people who expect it and therefore deserve it. Happiness, though intangible, is among the most significant facets of an individual's life. The way I managed to conquer my hurt was supposed to find my flow. To fulfill your American dream you have to possess the abilities and the courage to reach your dream. When realized, it's one of the greatest feelings that someone can experience. Getting happy can come from a number of places. There are lots of ways you'll be able to live a very content life. Even if somebody really thinks that one can be content without doing all sorts of objective work, it's self-delusion should you ever enter a scenario if you don't need to do anything, even in case the circumstances are pleasant, you will very soon understand what an actual hell is. You need to spend significant time on it, if you prefer it to be logical, interesting, and reasonable. The main reason is you will not be healthy enough to do the things you like doing but will be limited. Choosing Good Essay Topics on Happiness Spam mail needs to be outlawed. Books should not be banned. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Folks can opt to be happy even if all does not appear to work materially. You will see people with more money indulging in dangerous activities attempting to fill the void they cannot explain. It is a fact that you're burning off more calories but that comes at the cost of your physic al body too. It is vital to protect against the kids from the dust in the home. Firstly, it's hard for a man or woman to be happy if he or she doesn't have a safe place to call home and enough food to eat. Happiness comes in the kind of having good well-being. In spite of the meaning that person includes, happiness doesn't occur by accident it always must be made, it must be discovered, created, and produced, built from the bottom up. Unfortunately, not all the individuals have good intentions. They realize the value of good health, and that is why people are spending a lot of time doing research trying to find the cure to different illnesses. If you are in possession of a nice and warm personality, individuals will be attracted to you and won't mind spending time with you. Many times, people describe the sensation of happiness as having a great job, affording an enjoyable way of life and having successful relationships. You may develop hobbies which are fun for you and do them as a kind of relaxation. Happiness isn't a luxury it's the gist of living when joy is missing in our lives life gets meaningless. While the personal character of happiness makes it tough to describe, there do seem to be some common needs that all of us share with respect to experiencing or achieving happiness. Secondly, the best joy in life is usually found in shared experiences with family members and friends, and it's rare to get an individual who's content to dwell in full isolation.

Improve Your Papers with These Essay Proofreading Tips

For many students, essay writing is a tedious enough task by itself, and spending time on essay proofreading may look even more bleak and boring. Yet actually, proofreading is an essential part of the writing process, and not just something to kill time. Here’re some tips to help you proofread your papers effectively. 1. Put the Paper Aside A fresh eye – or even a fresh perspective – is vital for good proofreading. After you’re done with your essay, it’s better to do something totally different from writing. When you take up the essay again, any mistakes or typos which your hackneyed eye failed to detect will stand out. As far as fresh perspective goes, your friends may very well be of service: it’s their first time that they see your writing, so they’ll easily spot any errors. In an extreme case, if you have absolutely no time to let the essay sit awhile (for instance, if it’s almost nighttime and the paper is due tomorrow morning), you might want to order proofreading services from a specialized agency online. 2. Make the Text Look Less Familiar Changing the way you look at your writing goes a long way, too. After typing it on the computer, it often helps to print the text out – in another font and with a different layout: this way typos or mixed-up words will likely pop up before your eyes. Reading the text aloud slowly allows you to spot cases of tautology, missing words, grammar mistakes such as wrong noun-verb agreement and pronoun use, and the like. Furthermore, read your essay backwards, word by word. This method is perfect for pinning down typos, spelling mistakes or wrong word usage. 3. Check One Side at a Time It’s wise to proofread the essay not in one go, but have several takes on it, focusing your attention on a separate aspect each time: first, spelling, then grammar, then structure and style. It might seem more time-consuming, but in fact, if you try to correct every possible mistake with one swoop, you are likely to get confused and to miss some of them. 4. Double-Check Everything Don’t rely too much on spellcheckers, neither on those in your word processor nor on standalone ones – they’re good for nothing more than blatant typos or spelling mistakes. And they certainly are of no help in checking personal names, dates, figures and facts – in this case you have to rely solely upon yourself. Be sure to dot all i’s and cross all t’s, because even one factual blunder can ruin your professor’s impression of your essay. 5. Know Thyself If you’re not new to academic writing, you probably are well aware what areas you need to pay extra attention to. Prepare your personal proofreading checklist and address different issues in order of importance. Proofreading is not some arcane practice which only the chosen ones can master. On the contrary, this handy system can make you more focused, save you many a disappointing academic experience and add a final touch of luster to your papers. Good luck!